Super-conducting rotor coil support with tension rods and bolts

ABSTRACT

A rotor is disclosed for a synchronous machine comprising: a rotor core; a super-conducting coil winding extending around at least a portion of the rotor core, said coil winding having a side section adjacent a side of the rotor core; at least one tension rod extending through a conduit in said rotor core; at least one tension bolt extending between an end of the tension rod and abutting the side section of the coil winding; and a channel housing attached to the tension bolt and the coil winding.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is related to the following commonly-owned andcommonly-filed applications (the specifications and drawings of each areincorporated herein):

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/854,933 entitled “High TemperatureSuper-Conducting Rotor Coil Support With Split Coil Housing And AssemblyMethod”, filed May 15, 2001.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/854,931 entitled “SynchronousMachine Having Cryogenic Gas Transfer Coupling To Rotor WithSuper-Conducting Coils”, filed May 15, 2001.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/855,026, entitled “High TemperatureSuper-Conducting Synchronous Rotor Coil Support With Tension Rods AndMethod For Assembly Of Coil Support”, filed May 15, 2001.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/854,939 entitled “High TemperatureSuper-Conducting Coils Supported By An Iron Core Rotor”, filed May 15,2001.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/854,938 entitled “High TemperatureSuper-Conducting Synchronous Rotor Having An Electromagnetic Shield AndMethod For Assembly”, filed May 15, 2001.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/854,940 entitled “High TemperatureSuper-Conducting Rotor Coil Support And Coil Support Method”, filed May15, 2001.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/854,937, entitled “High TemperatureSuper-Conducting Rotor Having A Vacuum Vessel And Electromagnetic ShieldAnd Method For Assembly”, filed May 15, 2001.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/854,944 , entitled “A High PowerDensity Super-Conducting Electric Machine”, filed May 15, 2001.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/854,943 entitled “Cryogenic CoolingSystem For Rotor Having A High Temperature Super-Conducting FieldWinding”, filed May 15, 2001.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/854,464 entitled “High TemperatureSuper-Conducting Racetrack Coil”, filed May 15, 2001.

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/854,464 entitled “High TemperatureSuper Conducting Rotor Power Leads”, filed May 15, 2001.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to a super-conductive coil in asynchronous rotating machine. More particularly, the present inventionrelates to a support structure for super-conducting field windings inthe rotor of a synchronous machine.

Synchronous electrical machines having field coil windings include, butare not limited to, rotary generators, rotary motors, and linear motors.These machines generally comprise a stator and rotor that areelectromagnetically coupled. The rotor may include a multi-pole rotorcore and one or more coil windings mounted on the rotor core. The rotorcores may include a magnetically-permeable solid material, such as aniron-core rotor.

Conventional copper windings are commonly used in the rotors ofsynchronous electrical machines. However, the electrical resistance ofcopper windings (although low by conventional measures) is sufficient tocontribute to substantial heating of the rotor and to diminish the powerefficiency of the machine. Recently, super-conducting (SC) coil windingshave been developed for rotors. SC windings have effectively noresistance and are highly advantageous rotor coil windings.

Iron-core rotors saturate at an air-gap magnetic field strength of about2 Tesla. Known super-conductive rotors employ air-core designs, with noiron in the rotor, to achieve air-gap magnetic fields of 3 Tesla orhigher. These high air-gap magnetic fields yield increased powerdensities of the electrical machine, and result in significant reductionin weight and size of the machine. Air-core super-conductive rotorsrequire large amounts of super-conducting wire. The large amounts of SCwire add to the number of coils required, the complexity of the coilsupports, and the cost of the SC coil windings and rotor.

High temperature SC coil field windings are formed of super-conductingmaterials that are brittle, and must be cooled to a temperature at orbelow a critical temperature, e.g., 27° K, to achieve and maintainsuper-conductivity. The SC windings may be formed of a high temperaturesuper-conducting material, such as a BSCCO(Bi_(x)Sr_(x)Ca_(x)Cu_(x)O_(x)) based conductor.

Super-conducting coils have been cooled by liquid helium. After passingthrough the windings of the rotor, the hot, used helium is returned asroom-temperature gaseous helium. Using liquid helium for cryogeniccooling requires continuous reliquefaction of the returned,room-temperature gaseous helium, and such reliquefaction posessignificant reliability problems and requires significant auxiliarypower.

Prior SC coil cooling techniques include cooling an epoxy-impregnated SCcoil through a solid conduction path from a cryocooler. Alternatively,cooling tubes in the rotor may convey a liquid and/or gaseous cryogen toa porous SC coil winding that is immersed in the flow of the liquidand/or gaseous cryogen. However, immersion cooling requires the entirefield winding and rotor structure to be at cryogenic temperature. As aresult, no iron can be used in the rotor magnetic circuit because of thebrittle nature of iron at cryogenic temperatures.

What is needed is a super-conducting field winding assemblage for anelectrical machine that does not have the disadvantages of the air-coreand liquid-cooled super-conducting field winding assemblages of, forexample, known super-conductive rotors.

In addition, high temperature super-conducting (HTS) coils are sensitiveto degradation from high bending and tensile strains. These coils mustundergo substantial centrifugal forces that stress and strain the coilwindings. Normal operation of electrical machines involves thousands ofstart-up and shut-down cycles over the course of several years thatresult in low cycle fatigue loading of the rotor. Furthermore, the HTSrotor winding should be capable of withstanding 25% over-speed operationduring rotor balancing procedures at ambient temperature, andnotwithstanding occasional over-speed conditions at cryogenictemperatures during power generation operation. These over-speedconditions substantially increase the centrifugal force loading on thewindings over normal operating conditions.

SC coils used as the HTS rotor field winding of an electrical machineare subjected to stresses and strains during cool-down and normaloperation. They are subjected to centrifugal loading, torquetransmission, and transient fault conditions. To withstand the forces,stresses, strains and cyclical loading, the SC coils should be properlysupported in the rotor by a coil support system. These support systemshold the SC coil(s) in the HTS rotor and secure the coils against thetremendous centrifugal forces due to the rotation of the rotor.Moreover, the coil support system protects the SC coils, and ensuresthat the coils do not prematurely crack, fatigue or otherwise break.

Developing support systems for HTS coil has been a difficult challengein adapting SC coils to HTS rotors. Examples of coil support systems forHTS rotors that have previously been proposed are disclosed in U.S. Pat.Nos. 5,548,168; 5,532,663; 5,672,921; 5,777,420; 6,169,353, and6,066,906. However, these coil support systems suffer various problems,such as being expensive, complex and requiring an excessive number ofcomponents. There is a long-felt need for a HTS rotor having a coilsupport system for a SC coil. The need also exists for a coil supportsystem made with low cost and easy-to-fabricate components.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A coil support system has been developed for a race-track shaped, hightemperature super-conducting (HTS) coil winding for two-pole rotor of anelectrical machine. The coil support system prevents damage to the coilwinding during rotor operation, supports the coil winding with respectto centrifugal and other forces, and provides a protective shield forthe coil winding. The coil support system holds the coil winding withrespect to the rotor. The HTS coil winding and coil support system areat cryogenic temperature while the rotor is at ambient temperature.

The coil support system includes a series of coil support assembliesthat span between opposite sides of the race-track coil winding. Eachcoil support assembly includes a tension rod, a pair of tension boltsand a pair of channel housings. The tension rods extend between oppositesides of the coil winding through conduits, e.g., holes, in the rotorcore. Tension bolts are inserted into both ends of the tension rod. Thetension bolts provide a length adjustment of the coil support assemblythat is useful to compensate for variations in coil geometry. Each boltis fastened to one of the pair of channel housings. Each housing fitsaround the HTS coil. Each coil support assembly braces the coil windingwith respect to the rotor core. The series of coil support assembliesprovides a solid and protective support for the coil winding.

The HTS rotor may be for a synchronous machine originally designed toinclude SC coils. Alternatively, the HTS rotor may replace a copper coilrotor in an existing electrical machine, such as in a conventionalgenerator. The rotor and its SC coils are described here in the contextof a generator, but the HTS coil rotor is also suitable for use in othersynchronous machines.

The coil support system is useful in integrating the coil support systemwith the coil and rotor. In addition, the coil support systemfacilitates easy pre-assembly of the coil support system, coil and rotorcore prior to final rotor assembly. Pre-assembly reduces coil and rotorassembly time, improves coil support quality, and reduces coil assemblyvariations.

In a first embodiment, the invention is a rotor for a synchronousmachine comprising: a rotor core; a super-conducting coil windingextending around at least a portion of the rotor, said coil windinghaving a side section adjacent a side of the rotor core; at least onetension rod extending through a conduit in said rotor; at least onetension bolt is inserted into an end of the tension rod; and a housingattached to the tension bolt and bracketing the side section of the coilwinding.

In another embodiment, the invention is a method for supporting asuper-conducting coil winding in the rotor core of a synchronous machinecomprising the steps of: extending a tension rod through a conduit insaid rotor core; inserting at least one tension bolt into an end of therod; positioning the coil winding around the rotor core such that thetension rod and tension bolt span between side sections of the coilwinding; assembling at least one channel housing around one of the sidesections of the coil winding, and securing the bolt to one of thechannel housings.

A further embodiment of the invention is a rotor for a synchronousmachine comprising: a rotor core having a conduit orthogonal to alongitudinal axis of the rotor; a race-track, super-conducting (SC) coilwinding in a planar race-track parallel to the longitudinal axis of therotor; a tension rod inside the conduit of the core; a tension bolt ineach end of said tension rod, and a housing coupling opposite sides ofthe coil winding to the tension bolts.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings in conjunction with the text of thisspecification describe an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic side elevational view of a synchronous electricalmachine having a super-conductive rotor and a stator.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an exemplary race-track,super-conducting coil winding.

FIG. 3 is a partially cut-away view of the rotor core, coil winding andcoil support system for a high temperature super-conducting (HTS) rotor.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the rotor core, coil winding and coilsupport system for a high temperature super-conducting (HTS) rotor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 shows an exemplary synchronous generator machine 10 having astator 12 and a rotor 14. The rotor includes field winding coils thatfit inside the cylindrical rotor vacuum cavity 16 of the stator. Therotor fits inside the rotor vacuum cavity of the stator. As the rotorturns within the stator, a magnetic field 18 (illustrated by dottedlines) generated by the rotor and rotor coils moves/rotates through thestator and creates an electrical current in the windings of the statorcoils 19. This current is output by the generator as electrical power.

The rotor 14 has a generally longitudinally-extending axis 20 and agenerally solid rotor core 22. The solid core 22 has high-magneticpermeability, and is usually made of a ferromagnetic material, such asiron. In a low-power density super-conducting machine, the iron core ofthe rotor is used to reduce the magnetomotive force (MMF), and, thus,minimize the amount of super-conducting (SC) coil wire needed for thecoil winding. For example, the solid iron-rotor core may be magneticallysaturated at an air-gap magnetic field strength of about 2 Tesla.

The rotor 14 supports at least one longitudinally-extending,race-track-shaped, high-temperature super-conducting (HTS) coil winding34 (See FIG. 2). The HTS coil winding may be alternatively asaddle-shape or have some other shape that is suitable for a particularHTS rotor design. A coil support system is disclosed here for arace-track SC coil winding. The coil support system may be adapted forcoil configurations other than a race-track coil mounted on a solidrotor core.

The rotor includes a collector end shaft 24 and a drive end shaft 30that both bracket the rotor core 22 and are supported by bearings 25.The collector end shaft includes collector rings 78 for electricallyconnecting to the rotating SC coil winding. The collector end shaft 24also has a cryogen transfer coupling 26 to a source of cryogenic coolingfluid used to cool the SC coil windings in the rotor. The cryogentransfer coupling 26 includes a stationary segment coupled to a sourceof cryogen cooling fluid and a rotating segment which provides coolingfluid to the HTS coil. The drive end shaft 30 may be driven by a powerturbine via drive coupling 32.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary HTS race-track field coil winding 34. The SCfield winding coils 34 of the rotor includes a high temperaturesuper-conducting (SC) coil 36. Each SC coil includes a high temperaturesuper-conducting conductor, such as a BSCCO(Bi_(x)Sr_(x)Ca_(x)Cu_(x)O_(x)) conductor wires laminated in a solidepoxy impregnated winding composite. For example, a series of BSCCO 2223wires may be laminated, bonded together and wound into a solid epoxyimpregnated coil.

SC wire is brittle and easy to be damaged. The SC coil is typicallylayer wound SC tape that is epoxy impregnated. The SC tape is wrapped ina precision coil form to attain close dimensional tolerances. The tapeis wound around in a helix to form the race-track SC coil 36.

The dimensions of the race-track coil are dependent on the dimensions ofthe rotor core. Generally, each race-track SC coil encircles themagnetic poles of the rotor core, and is parallel to the rotor axis. Thecoil windings are continuous around the race-track. The SC coils form aresistance-free electrical current path around the rotor core andbetween the magnetic poles of the core. The coil has electrical contacts114 that electrically connect the coil to the collector 78.

Fluid passages 38 for cryogenic cooling fluid are included in the coilwinding 34. These passages may extend around an outside edge of the SCcoil 36. The passageways provide cryogenic cooling fluid to the coil andremove heat from the coil. The cooling fluid maintains the lowtemperatures, e.g., 27° K, in the SC coil winding needed to promotesuper-conducting conditions, including the absence of electricalresistance in the coil. The cooling passages have an input and outputfluid ports 112 at one end of the rotor core. These fluid (gas) ports112 connect the cooling passages 38 on the SC coil to the cryogentransfer coupling 26.

Each HTS race-track coil winding 34 has a pair of generally-straightside portions 40 parallel to a rotor axis 20, and a pair of end portions54 that are perpendicular to the rotor axis. The side portions of thecoil are subjected to the greatest centrifugal stresses. Accordingly,the side portions are supported by a coil support system that counteractthe centrifugal forces that act on the coil.

FIG. 3 shows a partially cut away view of a rotor core 22 and coilsupport system for a high temperature super-conducting (HTS) coilwinding. The coil support systems includes a series of coil supportassemblies spanning through the rotor core and between opposite sides ofthe HTS coil winding. Each coil support assembly comprises a tension rod42 that extends through the rotor core, tension bolts 43 inserted intothe ends of the rod, and channel coil housings 44 fastened to the boltsand that bracket the coil windings. The coil support system provides astructural frame to hold the coil winding in the rotor.

The principal loading of the HTS coil winding 34 is from centrifugalacceleration during rotor rotation. The coil support assemblies are eachaligned with the centrifugal loading of the coil to provide effectivestructural support to the coil winding under load. To support the sidesections of the coil, each assembly of a tension rod 42 and bolts 43(tension rod assembly) spans between the coils, and attaches to thechannel coil housings 44. The housings grasp opposite side sections ofthe coil. The tension rods 42 extend through a series of conduits 46 inthe rotor core. These rods are aligned with the quadrature axis of therotor core.

The channel coil housings 44 support the coil winding 34 againstcentrifugal forces and tangential torque forces. Centrifugal forcesarise due to the rotation of the rotor. Tangential forces may arise fromacceleration and deceleration of the rotor, and torque transmission.Because the long sides 40 of the coil winding are encased by the channelhousings 44 and the ends 86 of the tension bolts, the sides of the coilwinding are fully supported within the rotor.

The conduits 46 are generally cylindrical passages in the rotor corehaving a straight axis. The diameter of the conduits is substantiallyconstant. However, the ends 88 of the conduits may expand to a largerdiameter to accommodate an insulating tube 52. This tube aligns the rod42 in the conduit and provides thermal isolation between the rotor coreand the rod. The insulating tube has a lower outer ring 123 that engagesthe walls of the wide diameter end 88 of the rotor conduits 46. Thecylindrical side wall 121 of the insulating tube 52 extends up from theouter ring 123, and is not in contact with the walls of the conduit. Theupper end of the tube engages a lock-nut 84 that connects the tube tothe tension rod 42. Thus, the insulating tube and lock-nut provide anon-thermally conducting mount for the tension rod in the conduits 46 ofthe rotor core.

The number of conduits 46 and their location on the rotor core dependson the location of the HTS coils and the number of coil housings neededto support the side sections of the coils. The axes of the conduits 46are generally in a plane defined by the race-track coil 34. In addition,the axes of the conduits are perpendicular to the side sections of thecoil. Moreover, the conduits are orthogonal to and intersect the rotoraxis, in the embodiment shown here. The number of conduits and thelocation of the conduits will depend on the location of the HTS coilsand the number of coil housings needed to support the side sections ofthe coils.

There are generally two categories of support for super-conductingwinding: (i) “warm” supports and (ii) “cold” supports. In a warmsupport, the supporting structures are thermally isolated from thecooled SC windings. With warm coil supports, most of the mechanical loadof a super-conducting (SC) coil is supported by structural members thatspan between the cold coils and the warm support members.

In a cold coil support system, the support system is at or near the coldcryogenic temperature of the SC coils. In cold supports, most of themechanical load of a SC coil is supported by the coil support structuralmembers which are at or near cryogenic temperature.

The exemplary coil support system disclosed here is a cold support inthat the tension rods 42, bolts 43 and associated channel housings 44are maintained at or near a cryogenic temperature. Because the coilsupport members are cold, these members are thermally isolated, e.g., bythe non-contact conduits through the rotor core, from the rotor core andother “hot” components of the rotor.

The HTS coil winding and structural coil support components are all atcryogenic temperature. In contrast, the rotor core is at an ambient“hot” temperature. The coil supports are potential sources of thermalconduction that would allow heat to reach the HTS coils from the rotorcore. The rotor core becomes hot during operation. As the coil windingsare to be held in super-cooled conditions, heat conduction into thecoils from core is to be avoided.

The coil support system is thermally isolated from the rotor core. Forexample, the tension rods and bolts are not in direct contact with therotor. This lack of contact avoids the conduction of heat from the rotorto the tension rods and coils. In addition, the mass of the coil supportsystem structure has been minimized to reduce the thermal conductionthrough the support assemblies into the coil windings from the rotorcore.

Each tension rod 42 is a shaft with continuity along the longitudinaldirection of the rod and in the plane of the race-track coil. Thetension rod is typically made of high strength non-magnetic alloys suchas titanium, aluminum or an Inconel alloy. The longitudinal continuityof the tension rods provides lateral stiffness to the coils whichprovides rotor dynamics benefits. Moreover, the lateral stiffness of thetension rods 42 permits integrating the coil support with the coils sothat the coil can be assembled with the coil support on the rotor coreprior to final rotor assembly.

The tension bolts 43 screw into threaded holes 120 in the end of thetension rod. The depth to which the bolt screws into the rod isadjustable. The total length of the tension rod and bolt assembly (whichassembly spans between the sides of the coil) can be changed by turningone or both of the bolts into or out of the holes of the tension rods.This adjustment in the length of the tension rod and bolts assembly isuseful in fitting this assembly between the sides of a coil winding. Thedepth of the threaded hole in the end of the tension rod is sufficientto provide adequate adjustment of the length of the tension rod andbolts assembly.

The head 122 of the bolt includes a flange with a flat outer surface 86.The flat head 86 of the bolt abuts an inside surface of the coil winding34 and, thus, supports the load on the coil winding that is parallel tothe tension rod.

The flat surface 86 of the bolt head supports an inside surface of aside of the coil winding. The other three surfaces of the side 40 of thecoil winding are supported by the channel housing 44. Each coil channelhousing is assembled around the coil and forms a coil casing incooperation with the bolt head. This casing supports the coil windingwith respect to tangential and centrifugal loads. The casing also allowsthe coil winding to expand and contract longitudinally.

Each channel housing 44 has a pair of side panels 124, a wedge 126 and athreaded insert sleeve 128. The side panels bracket opposite surfaces ofthe coil. An inside surface of each side panel has a narrow slot 130 toreceive the wedge and an “L” shaped surface 132 to receive a sidesurface of the coil winding. The inside surface of each side panel alsohas a threaded flange 134 that includes a lip 135 of the L-surface 132to engage a corner of the coil winding. The threaded section of theflange engage a threaded insert 128 that fits between the flangesections 134 of the opposite side panels 124. The insert has an aperture137 with a rim to receive the tension bolt 43. A lock-nut 138 holds theinsert 128 securely against the bolt head 43.

The wedge 126 fits into the narrow slot 130 of each side panel and spansbetween the side panels. The wedge abuts an outside surface of the coiland has a channel 136 to receive the cooling passage 38 on the outsidesurface of the coil. Locking screws 140 hold the side panels to thewedge. The side panels are held together by the wedge and grasp thetreaded insert which is secured to the bolt head. The channel housingmay be made of light, high strength material that is ductile atcryogenic temperatures. Typical materials for the channel housings arealuminum and titanium alloys. The shape of the channel housing has beenoptimized for low weight.

As shown in FIG. 4, a series of channel coil housings 44 (and associatedtension bolts 43 and rods 44) may be positioned along the sides 40 ofthe coil winding. The channel housings collectively distribute theforces that act on the coil, e.g., centrifugal forces, oversubstantially the entire side sections 40 of the coil. The channelhousings 44 prevent the coil side sections 40 from excessive flexing andbending due to centrifugal forces.

The plurality of channel housings 44 effectively hold the coil in placewithout affectation by centrifugal forces. Although the channel housingsare shown as having a close proximity to one another, the housings needonly be as close as necessary to prevent degradation of the coil causedby high bending and tensile strains during centrifugal loading, torquetransmission, and transient fault conditions.

The coil supports do not restrict the coils from longitudinal thermalexpansion and contraction that occur during normal start/stop operationof the gas turbine. In particular, thermal expansion is primarilydirected along the length of the side sections. Thus, the side sectionsof the coil slide slightly longitudinally with respect to the channelhousing and tension rods.

The coil support system of tension rods 42, bolts 43 and channelhousings 44 may be assembled with the HTS coil windings 34 as they aremounted on the rotor core 22. The tension rods and channel housingsprovide a fairly rigid structure for supporting the coil winding andholding the long sides of the coil winding in place with respect to therotor core. The ends of the coil may be supported by split clamps 58 atthe axial ends of (but not in contact with) the rotor core 22.

The iron rotor core 22 has a generally cylindrical shape suitable forrotation within the rotor cavity 16 of the stator 12. To receive thecoil winding, the rotor core has recessed surfaces 48, such as flat ortriangular regions or slots. These surfaces 48 are formed in the curvedsurface of the cylindrical core and extending longitudinally across therotor core. The coil winding 34 is mounted on the rotor adjacent therecessed areas 48. The coils generally extend longitudinally along anouter surface of the recessed area and around the ends of the rotorcore. The recessed surfaces 48 of the rotor core receive the coilwinding. The shape of the recessed area conforms to the coil winding.For example, if the coil winding has a saddle-shape or some other shape,the recess(es) in the rotor core would be configured to receive theshape of the winding.

The recessed surfaces 48 receive the coil winding such that theouter-surface of the coil winding extends to substantially an envelopedefined by the rotation of the rotor. The outer curved surfaces 50 ofthe rotor core when rotated define a cylindrical envelope. This rotationenvelope of the rotor has substantially the same diameter as the vacuumrotor cavity 16 (see FIG. 1) in the stator.

The gap between the rotor envelope and stator cavity 16 is arelatively-small clearance, as required for forced flow ventilationcooling of the stator only, since the rotor requires no ventilationcooling. It is desirable to minimize the clearance between the rotor andstator to increase the electromagnetic coupling between the rotor coilwindings and the stator windings. Moreover, the rotor coil winding ispreferably positioned such that it extends to the envelope formed by therotor and, thus, is separated from the stator by only the clearance gapbetween the rotor and stator.

At the end of each tension rod, there may be an insulating tube 52 thatfastens the coil support structure to the hot rotor and prevents heatconvection therebetween. Additionally, there may an insulating lock-nut84 connected to the insulating tube 52, and that further facilitates theconnection between the tension rod and the housing. The lock-nut 84 andthe tube 52 secure the tension rod and channel housing to the rotor corewhile minimizing the heat transfer from the hot rotor to the housingstructure.

The rotor core, coil windings and coil support assemblies arepre-assembled. Pre-assembly of the coil and coil support reducesproduction cycle, improves coil support quality, and reduces coilassembly variations. Before the rotor core is assembled with the rotorend shafts and other components of the rotor, the tension rods 42 areinserted into each of the conduits 46 that extend through the rotorcore. The insulator tube 52 at each end of each tension rod is placed inthe expanded end 88 at each end of the conduits 46. The tube 52 islocked in place by a retainer locking-nut 84.

The bolts 43 may be inserted before or after the tension rods areinserted into the rotor core conduits. The treaded inserts 128 andlocking nut 138 are placed on the bolts 43 before the bolts are placedin the tension rods. However, the lock-nut is not tightened against theinsert until after the channel housing 44 is assembled.

The depth to which the bolts are screwed into the tension rods isselected such that the length from the end of one bolt on a tension rodto the end of the opposite bolt clears the distance between the assemblyof channel housings over the long sides 40 of the coil winding. When thetension rods and bolts are assembled in the rotor core 22, the coilwinding 34 is ready to be inserted onto the core.

The channel housings 44 are assembled over the winding 34. The lockscrews are inserted to hold the wedges and the side panels together.Then the subassembly of coil winding and channel housings is insertedonto the rotor core over the ends of the tension rods 42. Thecylindrical threaded insert 128 is screwed or otherwise inserted betweenthe side panels so that the flat end of the bolt head abut the insidesurface of the side sections 40 of the winding. The lock-nut 138 is usedto tighten the threaded insert against the bolt.

The rotor core may be encased in a metallic cylindrical shield 90 (shownby dotted lines) that protects the super-conducting coil winding 34 fromeddy currents and other electrical currents that surround the rotor andprovides a vacuum envelope to maintain a hard vacuum around thecryogenic components of the rotor. The cylindrical shield 90 may beformed of a highly-conductive material, such as a copper alloy oraluminum.

The SC coil winding 34 is maintained in a vacuum. The vacuum may beformed by the shield 90 which may include a stainless steel cylindricallayer that forms a vacuum vessel around the coil and rotor core.

The coil channel housings, tension rods and bolts (coil supportassembly) may be assembled with the coil winding before the rotor coreand coils are assembled with the collar and other components of therotor. Accordingly, the rotor core, coil winding and coil support systemcan be assembled as a unit before assembly of the other components ofthe rotor and of the synchronous machine.

While the invention has been described in connection with what ispresently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment,it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to thedisclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, is intended to cover allembodiments within the spirit of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. In a synchronous machine, a rotor comprising: arotor core having an axis; a super-conducting coil winding extendingaround at least a portion of the rotor, said coil winding having a sidesection adjacent a side of the rotor core; at least one tension rodextending through a conduit in said rotor core, wherein the tension rodand conduit extend from the side section of the coil winding to anopposite side section of the coil winding, and said rod is perpendicularto the axis of the rotor core; at least one tension bolt extendingbetween an end of the tension rod, and said side section, and a housingattached to the tension bolt and connected to the side section of thecoil winding.
 2. A rotor as in claim 1 wherein said housing comprises apair of side panels on opposite surfaces of the side section.
 3. A rotorin claim 1 wherein said housing, bolt and tension rod are cooled byconduction from said coil winding.
 4. A rotor as in claim 1 wherein adepth of the bolt in the tension rod is adjustable.
 5. A rotor as inclaim 1 wherein the bolt includes a head having a flat surface abuttingthe coil.
 6. A rotor as in claim 1 further comprising a second boltextending from a second end of the tension rod and abutting a secondside section of the coil winding.
 7. In a synchronous machine, a rotorcomprising: a rotor core; a super-conducting coil winding extendingaround at least a portion of the rotor, said coil winding having a sidesection adjacent a side of the rotor core; at least one tension rodextending through a conduit in said rotor core; at least one tensionbolt extending between an end of the tension rod; a housing attached tothe tension bolt and connected to the side section of the coil winding,and wherein the housing comprises side panels bracketing the sidesection of the coil, and wedge between the side panels and abutting anoutside surface of the side section.
 8. A rotor as in claim 1 whereinthe bolt has a flat head abutting the coil winding.
 9. A rotor as inclaim 1 wherein said housing is formed of a metal material selected froma group consisting of aluminum and a titanium alloy.
 10. A rotor as inclaim 1 wherein said tension rod is formed of a non-magnetic metalalloy.
 11. A rotor as in claim 1 wherein said tension rod is formed ofan Inconel alloy.
 12. A rotor for a synchronous machine comprising: arotor core having a conduit, wherein the conduit extends through thecore and is perpendicular to an axis of the core; a race-tracksuper-conducting (SC) coil winding in a race-track in a plane parallelto a longitudinal axis of the rotor, wherein the conduit is parallel tothe plane of the coil winding; a tension rod in the conduit of the core,wherein said tension rod is parallel to the plane of the coil windingand perpendicular to the rotor axis; a tension bolt in each end of saidtension rod, and a housing coupling the coil winding to each tensionbolt.
 13. A rotor as in claim 12 further comprising a plurality ofconduits orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the rotor core and inthe plane defined by the SC coil.
 14. A rotor as in claim 12 wherein thetension bolt has an end surface abutting the coil.
 15. A synchronousmachine, a rotor comprising: a rotor core; a super-conducting coilwinding extending around at least a portion of the rotor, said coilwinding having a side section adjacent a side of the rotor core; atleast one tension rod extending through a conduit in said rotor core; atleast one tension bolt extending between and end of the tension rod; ahousing attached to the tension bolt and connected to the side sectionof the coil winding, and wherein the housing comprises a pair of sidepanels on opposite surfaces of the coil winding, a wedge connecting theside panels, and a threaded insert coupled to the side panels andsecured to the bolt.
 16. A rotor as in claim 12 further comprising aninsulating tube sleeve between the rotor core and the tension rod.